These six dummies are known as the TNO P-series of child dummies. In 1988, a 5th dummy was added representing a newborn child, the P0 and in 1995 the 18-month-old child dummy was developed (P1½). ![]() Originally, the regulation described 4 child dummies including the P¾ (9 months), P3 (3 years), P6 (6 years), and P10 (10 years). ![]() An ad-hoc group was asked to develop a series of child dummies for this regulation. ![]() The work resulted in ECE-Regulation 44: "Uniform provisions concerning the approval of restraining devices for child occupants of power-driven vehicles" that entered into force in 1982. In the mid-seventies, the United Nations' group of experts on passive safety started to work on requirements for child restraint systems.
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